Country Standard Index
← Jobs & employment

Vulnerable employment

% of total employment (ILO modelled)

proxy measuremodelled estimatelower is better
What it measures
Job quality: share of workers who are own-account or unpaid family workers, typically without contracts or social protection.
From published value to score
  1. Published value. Native scale: 0 to 100 percent.
  2. Transform: value (no transform).
  3. Goalposts (fixed for all years; 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of all observed country-years): worst = 86.8 scores 0, best = 3.18 scores 100.
  4. Direction: lower is better, so the position is flipped (1 − position).
  5. Clip and scale: anything below the worst goalpost scores 0 and anything above the best scores 100; multiply by 100.
Goalposts come from 4,666 observed country-years since 2000. Coverage: 187 countries · 4,666 observed country-years · 8 carried forward (max 2 years) · last year with ≥100 countries observed: 2024. Open any country row below to see this calculation applied to its value.

Where the numbers come from

Downloaded from
World Bank API v2, series SL.EMP.VULN.ZS (World Development Indicators) · series page · metadata · source updated 2026-07-13 · fetched 2026-10-04
Built from several sources, each contributing as follows
  • ILO modelled estimates (ILOEST), ILOSTAT produces the series — Status-in-employment data from labour force surveys, harmonised and gap-filled by the ILO's estimation model.
  • World Bank staff estimates produces the series — Sums own-account and contributing family workers as a share of total employment, with staff estimates where the ILO series is incomplete.
Source statement as published by the data provider (verbatim)

ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Every country row below has a “verify” link to this series filtered to that country, so each value can be checked against the source.

History

Dots mark years with a published observation; flat stretches are carried forward.

Countries ranked on this indicator

186 countries have a usable value for 2024 (4 carried forward from an earlier year); 31 have none within 2 years.

#CountryValueObservedScoreVerify
1Qatar0.4522024100source ↗
2Bahrain0.8572024100source ↗
3United Arab Emirates1.582024100source ↗
4Saudi Arabia1.702024100source ↗
5Kuwait2.342024100source ↗
6Macao SAR, China3.632024100source ↗
7Oman3.80202499source ↗
8United States3.85202499source ↗
9Channel Islands4.23202499source ↗
10Norway4.24202499source ↗
11Germany4.37202499source ↗
12Brunei Darussalam4.58202498source ↗
13Russian Federation5.01202498source ↗
14Virgin Islands (U.S.)5.48202497source ↗
15Denmark5.56202497source ↗
16Hong Kong SAR, China5.84202497source ↗
17Belarus6.49202496source ↗
18Croatia6.68202496source ↗
19Luxembourg6.93202496source ↗
20Sweden6.95202496source ↗
21Bulgaria7.07202495source ↗
22Estonia7.10202495source ↗
23Japan7.63202495source ↗
24Israel7.79202495source ↗
25Austria7.87202494source ↗
26Hungary8.00202494source ↗
27Jordan8.01202494source ↗
28Cyprus8.07202494source ↗
29Iceland8.46202494source ↗
30France8.57202494source ↗
31Latvia8.71202493source ↗
32Australia9.19202493source ↗
33Singapore9.43202493source ↗
34Finland9.46202493source ↗
35Switzerland9.60202492source ↗
36Canada9.62202492source ↗
37Ireland9.72202492source ↗
38Portugal9.78202492source ↗
39Spain10.3202492source ↗
40Malta10.3202492source ↗
41Puerto Rico (US)10.3202491source ↗
42Lithuania10.5202491source ↗
43Slovenia10.8202491source ↗
44Belgium11.1202491source ↗
45United Kingdom11.6202490source ↗
46South Africa11.7202490source ↗
47Slovak Republic11.8202490source ↗
48Guam11.9202490source ↗
49North Macedonia12.6202489source ↗
50New Zealand12.7202489source ↗
51Romania13.2202488source ↗
52Netherlands13.5202488source ↗
53Czechia13.6202488source ↗
54New Caledonia14.0202487source ↗
55Italy14.5202487source ↗
56Montenegro14.7202486source ↗
57French Polynesia15.0202486source ↗
58Poland15.1202486source ↗
59Mauritius15.3202486source ↗
60Bahamas, The16.0202485source ↗
61Maldives17.2202483source ↗
62Korea, Rep.17.9202483source ↗
63Tunisia18.0202482source ↗
64West Bank and Gaza18.4carried from 202282source ↗
65Bosnia and Herzegovina18.4202482source ↗
66Suriname18.7202482source ↗
67Barbados19.1202481source ↗
68Cuba19.4202481source ↗
69Lebanon19.4carried from 202381source ↗
70Chile21.1202479source ↗
71Trinidad and Tobago21.2202478source ↗
72Malaysia22.0202478source ↗
73Libya22.0202478source ↗
74St. Lucia22.1202477source ↗
75St. Vincent and the Grenadines22.2202477source ↗
76Argentina22.4202477source ↗
77Equatorial Guinea22.8202477source ↗
78Greece23.4202476source ↗
79Costa Rica23.6202476source ↗
80Egypt, Arab Rep.24.1202475source ↗
81Serbia24.1202475source ↗
82Turkiye24.2202475source ↗
83Uruguay24.5202475source ↗
84Kazakhstan24.9202474source ↗
85Mexico25.3202474source ↗
86Botswana25.7202473source ↗
87Algeria25.7202473source ↗
88Guyana25.8202473source ↗
89Brazil26.3202472source ↗
90Iraq27.1202471source ↗
91Tajikistan28.3202470source ↗
92Turkmenistan28.4202470source ↗
93Eswatini28.6202470source ↗
94Kyrgyz Republic29.5202469source ↗
95Gabon29.9202468source ↗
96Belize30.0202468source ↗
97Namibia30.2202468source ↗
98Djibouti30.4202468source ↗
99El Salvador31.2202467source ↗
100Jamaica31.7202466source ↗
101Lesotho32.8202465source ↗
102Fiji33.1202464source ↗
103Armenia33.5202464source ↗
104Uzbekistan33.5202464source ↗
105China33.8202463source ↗
106Philippines33.9202463source ↗
107Tonga33.9202463source ↗
108Honduras34.1202463source ↗
109Cabo Verde34.7202462source ↗
110Sao Tome and Principe35.1202462source ↗
111Morocco35.9202461source ↗
112Guatemala36.4202460source ↗
113Paraguay36.4202460source ↗
114Venezuela, RB37.2202459source ↗
115Panama37.9202458source ↗
116Dominican Republic38.1202458source ↗
117Mongolia38.8202457source ↗
118Syrian Arab Republic38.8202457source ↗
119Nicaragua39.1202457source ↗
120Sri Lanka39.3202457source ↗
121Sudan39.7carried from 202256source ↗
122Iran, Islamic Rep.39.8202456source ↗
123Rwanda39.8202456source ↗
124Samoa41.9202454source ↗
125Georgia42.9202453source ↗
126Colombia43.1202452source ↗
127Yemen, Rep.45.5202449source ↗
128Somalia, Fed. Rep.46.0202449source ↗
129Albania46.4202448source ↗
130Peru47.9202447source ↗
131Eritrea48.1202446source ↗
132Thailand48.1202446source ↗
133Ecuador50.2202444source ↗
134Indonesia50.3202444source ↗
135Viet Nam51.9202442source ↗
136Cambodia52.6202441source ↗
137Mauritania53.6202440source ↗
138Azerbaijan54.0202439source ↗
139Pakistan55.7202437source ↗
140Korea, Dem. People's Rep.56.8202436source ↗
141Comoros57.0202436source ↗
142Bangladesh57.7202435source ↗
143Vanuatu58.0202434source ↗
144Moldova58.5202434source ↗
145Timor-Leste58.8202434source ↗
146Malawi60.0202432source ↗
147Ghana60.3202432source ↗
148Myanmar62.9202429source ↗
149Bolivia62.9202429source ↗
150Senegal63.3202428source ↗
151Gambia, The63.9202427source ↗
152Kenya64.0202427source ↗
153Angola66.2202425source ↗
154Nigeria66.7202424source ↗
155Cameroon67.8202423source ↗
156Zimbabwe68.3202422source ↗
157Solomon Islands68.8202422source ↗
158Bhutan69.4202421source ↗
159Cote d'Ivoire69.8202420source ↗
160Zambia70.5202420source ↗
161Papua New Guinea71.3202419source ↗
162India72.1202418source ↗
163Uganda74.6202415source ↗
164Guinea-Bissau75.2202414source ↗
165Togo75.5202414source ↗
166Haiti76.0202413source ↗
167Congo, Rep.76.0202413source ↗
168Mali76.3202413source ↗
169Lao PDR76.6202412source ↗
170Liberia77.1202412source ↗
171Nepal77.3202411source ↗
172Benin78.920249source ↗
173Guinea79.520249source ↗
174Central African Republic79.520249source ↗
175South Sudan80.3carried from 20238source ↗
176Burkina Faso80.820247source ↗
177Afghanistan81.720246source ↗
178Congo, Dem. Rep.81.820246source ↗
179Burundi83.720244source ↗
180Mozambique83.820244source ↗
181Tanzania83.920244source ↗
182Niger84.020243source ↗
183Ethiopia84.520243source ↗
184Madagascar84.620243source ↗
185Sierra Leone86.320241source ↗
186Chad90.220240source ↗
No official value for 2024: 31 countries

Aruba, Andorra, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Bermuda, Curacao, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Faroe Islands, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Gibraltar, Grenada, Greenland, Isle of Man, Kiribati, St. Kitts and Nevis, Liechtenstein, St. Martin (French part), Monaco, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Naoero, Palau, San Marino, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Ukraine, British Virgin Islands, Kosovo